Waste and by-products may cause serious environmental concerns, even constituting public health hazards when not appropriately managed. Due to that, correct and productive recycling of this kind of materials should be promoted. In some cases, raw or modified waste and by-products can be used in restoration or reclamation tasks aiming to facilitate revegetation and progressive regeneration of degraded areas. In other cases, by-products could be proposed as a means to retain and/or remove pollutants from solid and/or liquid media. To reach this end, new research should be promoted in order to get new insights regarding this promising field. Specifically, it would be highly desirable to go ahead in the development of technically-based designs and implementations of certain by-products which prove to be effective tools to control pollution (for example, soil and water pollution). In addition, some technically-based treatments for waste and by-products can facilitate its recycling, as well as carbon stabilization and storage, aiding to fight global warming, and at the same time, it could be useful to restore degraded areas and to retain pollutants in these environments. In view of that, new findings in this research area would be deeply welcome.
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